Your healthcare provider recommends a medical test or procedure, but before you can schedule it, your health plan may require one more step: prior authorization.

Prior authorization is a process some health insurance plans use to determine whether certain medications, imaging tests, procedures, or medical services meet the plan’s coverage requirements before they are provided. While not every service requires prior authorization, many plans use it for higher-cost services or treatments.

The purpose of prior authorization is to help ensure that care is medically appropriate and consistent with a health plan’s guidelines. Requirements vary by insurance carrier and health plan, which means a service that requires prior authorization under one plan may not require it under another.

One common misconception is that if a healthcare provider recommends a service, it is automatically covered by insurance. Provider recommendations and insurance coverage decisions are separate. Even experienced healthcare providers may not know the specific requirements of every health plan.

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Many people are surprised to learn that the cost of healthcare services can vary significantly, even when the service itself appears to be exactly the same.

For example, two individuals may receive the same imaging test, lab work, or office visit and receive very different bills depending on where the service was performed, whether the provider was in-network, and how their health plan is structured.

One of the biggest factors affecting cost is provider networks. In-network providers have negotiated contracted rates with insurance carriers, which are generally lower than out-of-network pricing. Out-of-network care may result in higher deductibles, coinsurance percentages, or additional balance billing depending on the plan.

Health plan design also plays a major role in what someone pays out of pocket. Traditional PPO plans often include fixed copays for services such as office visits or prescriptions, which can make costs feel more predictable. HSA-compatible high-deductible health plans typically operate differently. In many cases, individuals enrolled in HSA plans may pay the full contracted cost of services until the deductible is met, after which coinsurance may apply.

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Many people have heard the terms copay and coinsurance, but understanding the difference between the two can help make healthcare costs more predictable and easier to understand.

A copay is usually a fixed dollar amount paid for a specific service, such as a primary care visit, specialist appointment, or prescription. For example, you may pay a $30 copay for an office visit regardless of the total cost of the appointment.

Coinsurance works differently. Instead of paying a fixed amount, coinsurance is a percentage of the cost of a service that you are responsible for paying after meeting your deductible. For example, if your plan has a 20 percent coinsurance, you may pay 20 percent of the allowed cost for a covered service while your health plan pays the remaining amount. Out-of-network care may also result in higher out-of-pocket costs, as coinsurance percentages and allowed amounts can differ from those for in-network services.

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Telehealth usage continues to grow as more individuals look for convenient and accessible healthcare options. While virtual care existed before COVID-19, the pandemic significantly accelerated its adoption as healthcare providers and patients looked for safe ways to access care remotely.

Telehealth visits have continued to increase in recent years, and many patients value the convenience and flexibility that virtual care provides. Telehealth is commonly used for primary care visits, behavioral health support, prescription refills, follow-up appointments, and other non-emergency concerns.

For many people, virtual visits reduce travel time and make it easier to fit appointments into busy schedules. A good example of when telehealth may be useful is for concerns such as conjunctivitis (pink eye), where an individual may receive care quickly without an in-person visit and have medication prescribed if necessary.

Many health plans now include telehealth services as part of their benefits, and virtual care can often be a lower-cost option than urgent care or emergency room visits for non-emergency conditions. CalCPA Health medical members have access to LiveHealth Online for virtual medical and behavioral health visits.

Individuals should check with their healthcare providers to see if telehealth options are available. It can also be helpful to review plan documents to understand how telehealth services are covered under a specific health plan, including costs and eligible services.

Understanding when telehealth is appropriate can help individuals make more informed decisions about where to receive care and may provide a convenient option for accessing healthcare when in-person visits are not necessary.

While telehealth can be helpful for many non-emergency concerns, individuals experiencing severe symptoms or medical emergencies should seek in-person or emergency care when appropriate.

Coverage and telehealth services may vary by plan and provider. Members should review their plan documents and confirm coverage details before receiving services.

We are a few months into the year, which makes this a good time to pause and take a closer look at how you are using your health plan.

Whether you selected new coverage this year or have been on the same plan for a while, this is often when expectations meet reality. You may have filled a prescription, visited a provider, received a bill, or you may not have used your plan at all.

Wherever you are, now is a good time to check in.

Are you actively using your benefits, or are you only thinking about your plan when something comes up? Health insurance is often treated as something you deal with when you need care, but it is meant to be used throughout the year.

Some questions to ask yourself:

  • Have you scheduled your annual wellness visit?
  • Are you using in-network providers?
  • Do you know what your copay is and whether you have coinsurance? Do you understand the difference between the two?
  • Do you know how much of your deductible you have met?
  • Do you understand what services are considered preventive care?
  • Do you know where to go depending on the situation, such as telehealth, urgent care, or the emergency room?

If any of these are unclear, you are not alone. Many people do not fully understand their coverage until they need to use it.

One area that is often overlooked is preventive care. Routine exams, screenings, and labs are often covered at little to no cost when done in-network. Taking care of these early can help you stay ahead of potential health issues.

If you have already used your plan this year, your claims can give you a clearer picture of how your costs work. This includes how your deductible applies and what your copays look like.

Small decisions can affect your costs. Where you go for care, whether a provider is in-network, and whether you ask questions ahead of time can all impact what you pay. Before your visit, consider asking about expected costs, whether prior authorization is required, and whether the service will be considered preventive or diagnostic. Writing your questions down in advance can help you feel more prepared and confident in your decisions.

If you have not spent much time thinking about your health plan yet, that is okay. There is still plenty of time to make the most of it.

Start by taking a look at your plan details, such as your Summary of Benefits or plan documents, so you understand what is covered and how your costs are structured. It can also be helpful to check your progress by seeing how much of your deductible you have met and where you stand in relation to your out-of-pocket maximum.

Scheduling preventive care is one of the easiest ways to use your benefits and stay on top of your health. If you expect to need services later this year, take time to plan ahead by confirming providers and facilities in advance, making sure they are in-network, and understanding what your costs may be.

Your health plan is something you can use to support your health and make more informed decisions about care. Taking a few minutes now to understand how your plan is working can help you avoid surprises and feel more confident in your choices throughout the year.